Essay on Ophelia - The Innocent Victim in Shakespeares Hamlet

Ophelia - The Innocent Victim in Shakespeare's Hamlet  Ã‚        Ã‚   Poor Ophelia, she lost her lover, her father, her mind, and, posthumously, her brother. Ophelia is the only truly innocent victim in Hamlet. This essay will examine Ophelia's downward spiral from a chaste maiden to nervous wreck.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   From the beginning of the play, in Act I Scene iii, Laertes and Polonius are trying to convince her that Hamlet does not love her and only is interested in her so he can sleep with her. Laertes says "Perhaps he loves you now, ...... His greatness weighed, his will is not his own." He is telling Ophelia that she is likely to have her heart broken because of Hamlet's high birth. He may not be able to choose who he marries, so although he may love Ophelia, he can never marry her because of the difference in their social classes. This cannot have a good effect on Ophelia, her brother telling her that the her relationship with the one she loves is doomed from the start! Polonius tells her "Affection pooh! You speak like a green girl, / Unsifted in such perilous circumstance. / Do you believe his tenders, as you call them?" He means that although Lord Hamlet has been showing many signs of affection to Ophelia, it cannot be real. He is saying that Ophelia is blinded by Haml et's charm and is inexperienced (Unsifted) in this sort of situation. He goes on later to say that these affections are merely "...springes to catch the woodcocks" (traps to catch stupid little birds.) Why does Ophelia's family find it necessary to bring down her spirits about her relationship with Hamlet? Can't they let her figure it out for herself? This, in my opinion, is a good example of how Ophelia is victimized in this play.   Ã‚   Later in the play, when Hamle... ... shows how Ophelia is the real victim in Hamlet. Everybody else who was killed in the play had done at least something evil to warrant their deaths, but what did Ophelia do? Did Shakespeare intend for Ophelia to be an innocent victim? Was it his way of adding to the feeling of loss or waste that one is supposed to have after seeing the play performed? I believe this to be true, but we may only speculate as to his reasons for doing this. Works Cited Shakespeare, William. The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 1995. http://www.chemicool.com/Shakespeare/hamlet/full.html No line nos. Showalter, Elaine. "Representing Ophelia: Women, Madness, and the Responsibilities of Feminist Criticism." William Shakespeare: Hamlet. Ed. Susanne L. Wofford. Case Studies in Contemporary Criticism. Boston: St. Martin's, 1994. 220-240.

Vegetarians: Selecting Healthy Nutritional Choices Essays -- Healthy L

Introduction A group of three female friends who are living off campus have approached us to discuss how to have better eating habits but within the limits of their budget. This will require an in depth assessment of the individuals which considers several factors. Once we have a baseline it is key to develop a nursing diagnosis that encompasses the issue at hand. Once that is done a plan can be put into place, involving the cognitive, affective, and psychomotor learning styles. Assessment First a baseline assessment will be done concerning the clients. There are several identifying factors that may affect our client’s ability to learn and this will need to be discussed first. Typically younger adults exhibit ignorance and are still learning about the world. In this instance these girls may not be used to cooking for themselves, as they are still fresh to the idea of living away from home. They may not be used to buying food for themselves being unaware of the monetary value of food. This is especially the case if they have moved from a far area from accessible food. They will probably require time to individually learn and be informed to learn about their health problems. Also, being in college comes with many responsibilities, which can affect their emotional capability. For example, they may be feeling overwhelmed with the course load from school which in result causes them to focus less on their nutrition. Having a busy schedule leads to having less time for meal preparation, causing them to consume the most convenient meal option. An example of this would be Mr. Noodles or MacDonald’s, which are not necessarily the healthiest options. Since they are in college we have confidence that their cognition and reading level ... ...being able to find healthy nutritional choices is hard enough and adding in a tough budget while living in unfavourable circumstance makes it nearly impossible. By being proactive the three students will be able to overcome this challenge. The use of the health care system will help them gain more resources and knowledge of how to be self-sufficient in a dietary context. If the clients fulfill the cognitive, affective, and psychomotor objectives and goals it is believed that the clients will be successful in acquiring healthy habits and eating healthier within a budget. Works Cited Eating well with Canada’s Food Guide – Main Page – Health Canada. (2011, September 1). Retrieved November 22, 2013, from http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/fn-an/food-guide-aliment/index-eng.php Perry, A., & Potter, P. (2013). Canadian Fundamentals of Nursing. (5th ed.). Toronto: Elsevier.

Juvenile Court System Essay -- essays research papers

Waiving juvenile cases to a criminal court is a complicated process, and may take some time in order to make the proper decision. There are a few different ways in which this decision is made. In some jurisdictions, the cases may be decided upon an intake unit within the court which then decides to process it formally or informally. Other jurisdictions may use another agency such as the prosecutor’s office, or a social service agency to decide whether the case should go to juvenile or criminal court. When a decision is made to transfer a juvenile case to criminal court, a judicial waiver is petitioned for, and the juvenile judge then has to make the decision whether the case should be criminally prosecuted. In some places though, the prosecutor has the legal right to make that judgment without involving the juvenile court, and send the case directly to criminal court.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When a juvenile commits the crime of homicide, I personally think that any offender 13 years or older should be tried in adult criminal court. I do understand that the juvenile may lack some mental reasoning or may even have some mental disorder, just as I think that anyone who commits violent crimes have this also regardless of age, but that doesn’t mean they shouldn’t be still be tried in criminal court for the horrible crimes they committed. The only part of the sentencing I don’t agree with in convicting a juvenile is to where he is sent to prison. I do not believe th...

History 1302 Note

* In the â€Å"reconstruction† congress required the setting up of new state government for a second time. * The 14th amendment stipulated that no state shall â€Å"deprive any person of life, liberty or property, without due process of laws; or deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws† * March 4th 1689 Former Union General Ulysses S. Grant, a republican, took office as the 18th president of the US, having campaigned on the slogan: â€Å" let us have peace† * Alaska had been purchased recently in 1867, for Tsar alexander II of Russia for $7. 2 million * The purchased of Alaska had been criticized as â€Å"Seward’s Folly† in ridicule of secretary of state William Henry Seward because of a popular view that Alaska was a cold land of little economic value except for fur and fishing. * January, 1870 John D. Rockefeller incorporated the standard Oil Company in Cleveland, Ohio * Within 5 years standard oil company controlled kerosene refineries in New york, Philadelphia and Pittsburgh, and talking over kerosene marketing terminal and distributors * September 4th, 1872 New York city’s Sun newspaper exposed the Credit Mobilier scandal * Massachusetts congressman Oakes Ames, together with director of the union pacific railroad, had formed a construction company which received large government contracts * Furthermore, congressman Ames had distributed shares of the company to other congressman, to official in the cabinet, and to Vice –president Schuyler Colfax * Till 1920 the majority of the US population was engaged in agriculture * Farmers and democratic candidates for office favored the coinage of silver, because some thought banks and financiers in the northwest manipulated the price of gold * March 4th 1874: President Grant began his second term March 11th, 1874: The Wiscons in legislature passed the potter law, which imposed state regulation of railroad freight rates * It was call â€Å"a Granger law†, because a farmer’s association growing in importance, the National Grange of the patrons of husbandry, called the â€Å"Grange† for short, had been pushing for government regulation of rail road freight rates * In 1874 what has been called â€Å"home-rule†, â€Å"the solid south†, and â€Å"the new south† was happening instead of boycotting the reconstructed state government, whites began voting in large numbers again, turning out carpet baggers, scalawags, and radical republicans and replacing them with Democrats * The discovery of gold and silver had been a major factor in drawing people from the east half of the U. S to California in 1849,, to Colorado and Nevada in 1859, and to south Dakota in 1875 * On the seventh ballot, it nominated Ohio governor Ruther Ford B. Hayes for president * June 26th 1876: in the battle of little bighorn, 265 cavalry under the command of Lt. Colonel George A. Custer were killed while pursuing the Sioux in Montana territory * January 16th, 1883: Congress passed a civil service act introduced by senator George H. Pendleton of Ohio, the Pendleton civil service reform act, which set up a three member commission to oversee entrance exams for 14000 federal jobs, to which presidents could add in the future. * February, 1883: The senate ratified a treaty of friendship and commerce between the US and Korea * March 3,1886: Grover Cleveland a democrat took office as president * February 4, 1887: Congress passed the interstate commerce act, which prohibited railroads from discriminating among shippers, prohibited railroads from fixing prices, prohibited railroads from forming pools to divvy traffic among themselves and authorized the formation of a presidentially appointed five members interstate commerce commission to regulate rates. On April 22 1889: President Harrison officially opened part of Indian territory to settlement * July 2, 1890: Congress passed the Sherman antitrust act * The Sherman antitrust act outlawed Rockefeller-like â€Å"trust†, in which shares of stock were exchanged for c ertificates, and it outlawed other combinations and â€Å"conspiracies† which restrained interstate commerce and foreign trade * On May 19,1891, members of the farmer alliances and labor unions meeting in a convention in Cincinnati , Ohio, formed a new people’s or populist party * July 2, 1982: The newly organized populist party in Omaha, Nebraska, and nominated a recently defeated greenback party Iowa congressman, James B. Weaver, for president * The platform of the Populist party called for government ownership of railroads, grain storage facilities, telegraph lines, and telephone line. * It called for the coinage of silver * It called for a graduated income tax * It called for popular election of US senators * It called for the secret ballot Test 2 note * February 18th 1898: a US battleship Maine exploded in Havana Harbor, Cuba * Afterward â€Å"remember the Maine† became a slogan of some American who blames Spain for the explosion and wanted go to war * Apri l 25th congress declare war on Spain * On July 1 – 2, 1898, US infantry under gen. Hamilton S. Hawkins took San Joan Hill to the east of Santiago * Nearby, Colonel ( and recent assistant secretary of the navy ) Theodore Roosevelt, on horse-back, charge up Kettle Hill, followed by the 9th and 10th African American regiment, on foot * February 6th,1899: the US senate ratified the formal treaty ending the Spanish – American war, the treaty of Paris is which Puerto Rico became US possession, the US paid Spain 20 billion for the Philippines and the independence of Cuba was recognized * September 6th,1899, secretary of state John Hay proposed to Britain, Germany, and Russia an â€Å"open door† policy for China: Chinese ports be opened to the trade of all nations * During the 1900 election campaign, both the democratic presidential candidates William Jennings Bryan, and the Republican vice-president candidate Theodore Roosevelt, attacked â€Å"trust† monopoly * December 2nd, 1901: President Roosevelt asserted in his first annual message to congress, â€Å"the go vernment should have the right to inspect and examine the workings of the great corporations engaged in interstate business. * June 17th,1902: congress passed the Newlands reclamation act, authorizing the president to set aside more land for national parks * In august, 1902, president Roosevelt travelled through New England and the Midwest speaking out against abuses of â€Å"trust†, meaning, in the use if the time, monopolies. * President Roosevelt conspired with the former chief engineer of the French construction of a canal across the Isthmus of Panama, Philippe Bunau-Varilla, in organizing a â€Å"revolution† against Columbia * On November 3rd,1903, a revolt against Columbia broke out in panama city with arm distributed by the city fire department * Marines from three US hips prevented Colombian troops from reaching Panama city * November 6th,1903 : secretary of the state john hay recognized the newly established country of Panama * March 14th,1904: the supreme cou rt decided against the northern securities company in the Sherman antitrust case that the Roosevelt administration had brought against the company in 1902 and ordered the dissolution of the company * November 8th, 1904: president Roosevelt won the presidential election, to whom, some historians have asserted, a large percentage of growing urban white-collar vote went. * December 6th, 1904: in his annual message to congress, Roosevelt introduced the Roosevelt the Roosevelt corollary to the Monroe doctrine: the US may act as an â€Å"international police power† in the western hemisphere when â€Å"chronic wrong doing† arises. June 4th, 1906: president Roosevelt released the Reynolds and nulls report, which confirmed unhealthy conditions in meatpacking * June 30th,1906: congress passed the pure food and drug act, which was aimed at mislabeling and adulteration of food, and, on, the same day, congress also passed the meat inspection act * During 1907 president Roosevelt se t aside five national parks, sixteen national monuments, and fifty one wildlife sanctuaries * June 8th, 1908: after the national conservation congress, president Roosevelt appointed a national conservation commission to inventory the country’s natural resources * August, 1910: during a 16 state tour former president Theodore Roosevelt proposed regulation of corporate involvement in politics, a graduated income tax, inheritance taxes, federal labor regulations, conservation, and a tariff commission—all of which were called â€Å"new nationalism† or â€Å"square deal† * June 22nd, 1912: when the republican national convention was adjourning in Chicago, republicans who wanted to run Theodore Roosevelt again for president, instead of Taft, met at another location in Chicago and formed the progressive party, which was also called the â€Å"Bull Moose Party† * December 23rd, 1913: president Wilson signed the Glass-Owens Federal reserve Act, which would g o into effect in November, 1914, setting up the federal reserve system of twelve regional bankers’ banks connected to national banks and optionally to state banks * A presidentially appointed board of governors set interest [â€Å"discount†] rates on loans to member banks * April 6th, 1917 congress declared war on Germany * January 1st, 1920 the Red Scared began with US attorney general A. Mitchell palmer’s deportation of 500 resident Russians and arrest of more than 6000 other people, most of whom were released afterward * On June 8-12, 1920, the republican national convention met in Chicago and nominated a tobacco chewing, poker playing, whiskey drinking senator of Ohio, Warren G. Harding, for president and governor Calvin Coolidge of Massachusetts for Vice-president * Harding was remembered particularly for the following line made in a speech a month before the republican convention: â€Å"America’s need is not heroics, but healing, not nostrums, but normalcy† * November 2nd,1920: republican senator warren G. Harding of Ohio won the presidential election with 16152000 popular votes and 404 electoral votes over 9147353 popular votes and 127 electoral votes for democrat James M. Cox * March 4th,1921 Warren G. Harding, republican, took office as president * March 4th, 1923: secretary of interior Albert B. Fall resigned during a senate investigation into the lease of naval oil reserves at Teapot Dome, Wyoming, and Elk Hills, California, without competitive bidding * In addition to the Teapot Dome Scandal, the administration had been shaken by two suicides in March, 1923, and a Senate investigation and resignation of the director of veterans bureau, Charles R. Forbes, for mismanagement * August 2nd, 1923: president Harding died from an embolism in San Francisco during a trip to the West Coast and Alaska * October 24th, â€Å"black Thursday†, and again on October 9th, â€Å"black Tuesday†, 1929, the stock market crashed, beginning the Great Depression * June 27th – July 2nd, 1932: The democratic national convention also met in Chicago and nominate the Governor of New york, Franklin D. Roosevelt, for president * Roosevelt campaigned for a â€Å"New Deal† and accused republicans of catering to special interest and big spending * On March 31th, 1933: Congress created the civilian conservation corps to employ young men in national forest reclamation project * April 19th, 1933: president Roosevelt, supported by act of congress, took the U. S off the gold standard purposely to devaluate the dollar and force the circulation of more money * June 16th, 1933: On the last of day of the Hundred Days, Congress passed the national recovery Act which created the national recovery administration, NRA, to draw up industrial codes, which included minimum wages, maximum hours, and collective bargaining, and created the public works administration, PWA, nder the secretary of the interior to fund public construction project * November 8th, 1933: the civil works administration was created by executive order to employ millions directly, bypassing the need of the state governments to match federal grants offered under federal emergency recovery administration * April 8, 1935 congress passed the emergency relief appropriation act, which authorized the president to disburse 5 billion by executive order for â€Å"work relief and to increase employment by providing useful project * May 6th, 1935: In pursuance of the act, the Works Progress administration, WPA, was set up * From 1933 to 1939 the US national debt had increased to $10,439,000,000 * On December 7th, 1941, Japanese armed forces made a surprise attack on the US pacific base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, as part of its strategy to take the Dutch East Indies, where there was oil Test 3 December 11th, 1941: Germany under Hitler and Italy under Mussolini, allies of Japan, declared war on the US * November 7th, 1942: In operation Torch, US forces under general Dwight D. Eisenhower began landing in Morocco and Algeria * The US forces under General Dwight D. Eisenhower pushed the German and Italian armies toward Tunisia, while the British pushed them from Egypt. * June 6th,1944: D-Day a twelve nation allied expeditionary force (AEF) of 175000 soldiers, 5000 ships, and 6000 airplanes, invaded Normandy, France, from Britain * The invasion was called operation overlord * US General Dwight D. Eisenhower was top commander of the operation * September 12th,1944: US forces began entering Germany August 6th,1945: An US B-29, the â€Å"Enola Gay,† piloted by Colonel Paul Tibbett drop an atomic bomb, â€Å"little boy†, on a site of Japan’s defend industry, Hiroshima * August 9th, 1945: A US B-29, the â€Å"Bockscar,†, piloted by major Charles Sweeny dropped another atomic bomb on a second Japanese defend industry site, Nagasaki * March 5th, 1946: Former British Prime Minister Winston Churchill announced that â€Å"†¦ an iron curtain has descended across Europe† in a speech at Westminster College in Fulton, Missouri * June 23th, 1947: Congress, in which Republi cans outnumbered democrats, passed the Taft-Hartley Act over Truman’s veto * The Taft-Hartley Act authorized courts to issue injunctions imposing a from-sixty-to-eighty-day cooling off period on any strike jeopardizing public health or safety * The Taft Hartley act also made it illegal to use union dues to aid political parties * The Taft Hartley Act made the closed shop, hiring union members only, illegal, but it did not illegalize the union shop, requiring union membership after hire * US secretary of State George C. Marshall indicated that the US would contribute to an European recovery plan that funneled US aid through an organization representing the participating countries, which became known as the â€Å"Marshall Plan† * December 19th, 1947, President Truman presented to Congress the European recovery plan that had been negotiated at Paris, the Marshall Plan, amending, though, the $28 billion originally negotiated to $17 billion * April 3rd, 1948, Congress passed the Foreign Assistance act, which appropriated $4 billion for the â€Å"Marshall plan† * June 28, 1948 The Foreign Aid appropriations Act directed $6 billion to the Marshall Plan and other foreign aid * July 12-15, 1948 The democratic national convention met in Philadelphia and nominated Truman for president * The democratic national convention adopted a civil right plank * July 17, 1948 Southern Democrats, â€Å"Dixiecrats† met in Birmingham, Alabama, formed the States Rights party, nominated Governor Strom Thu rmond of South Carolina for President, and adopted a segregationist plank * July 6, 1948 President Truman ended racial segregation in the US military by executive order and called for an end to racial discrimination in federal jobs * April 4th,1949 Representatives of the US, Canada, Britain, Belgium, Netherlands, Luxemburg, France, Italy, Denmark, Norway, and Iceland signed the north Atlantic security treaty in Washington DC, setting up an anti-communist, west European-North American, defensive alliance, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, NATO * February 7th, 1950 Republican Senator Joe McCarthy of Wisconsin said that there were Communists in the State Department when he gave a speech to a women’s club in Wheeling, West Virginia * 13 days later Senator McCarthy said that he had a list of Communist suspects * July 8th,1950 US general Douglas MacArthur was named Supreme Commander of the UN forces in South Korea, which were made up of mostly US personnel * July 20th, 1950 T he Senate Foreign relations committee reported that Senator Joseph McCarthy’s allegations about Communist in the State Department ( made five months before) were unsubstantiated * July 7-11, 1952 The Republican National convention met in Chicago, and nominated General Dwight David Eisenhower for president and senator Richard M. Nixon of California for vice-president * The Republican national convention’s platform supported a balanced budget, reduction of the national debt, and the Taft-Hartley Act * January 20, 1953 Dwight D. Eisenhower, a republican, was inaugurated president of the United state * July 27, 1954 At Panmunjon, South Korea, near the North Korean border, U. N and North Korean officials signed an armistice and conditions for prisoner exchange * January 12, 1954 Secretary of State John Foster Dulles announced a policy of â€Å"massive retaliation,† which he described as â€Å"keeping a large strategic reserve in the US to counter any communist threat to take over the Free World† * April 7, 1954 President Eisenhower told the press that he favored continuing US aid to the French in Indochina to prevent Southeast Asia becoming a â€Å"falling row of dominoes† to Communism * April 22 to June 17, 1954 A senate subcommittee investigated senator Joseph McCarthy after he had charged that there were Communists in the army, resulting in Senate censure of McCarthy on December 2, 1954 * On December 1, 1955 Mrs. Rosa Parks was arrested for sitting in the front â€Å"white† section of a bus in Montgomery, Alabama * A boycott of the bus system led by a local Baptist minister named Martin Luther King Jr. ollowed * From 1956 to 1959 the US slid into a recession, with declines in sales, productivity, and employment * In response, the Federal Reserve System lowered its discount rate, and Congress funded construction, especially highway construction, which had been proposed by the Eisenhower Administration * September 4-20, 1957 Governor Orville Faubus of Arkansas used the National Guard to block the entry of African America students into Little Rock Central High School till a federal injunction forced the removal of the Guard * September 23, 1957, rioting broke out a Little Rock Central High School * September 25, 1957 President Eisenhower sent the US army in to protect the nine African American students attending Little Rock high School * September 2, 1958 In the aftermath of Sputnik, President Eisenhower signed the National Defense education act, setting aside $800 million over four years for the teaching of science and foreign languages in school and colleges and for loans to college students * At the co nvention Senator Kennedy pushed for medical care for all aged Americans, and, in his acceptance speech, he called for sacrifices on a road to a â€Å"New Frontier† * January 17, 1961 In a live Farewell Address on TV, president Eisenhower warned about the increasing power of a â€Å"military industrial complex† * January 20, 1961 John F. Kennedy, Democrat was inaugurated President of the US * March 1, 1961 By executive order President Kennedy created the Peace Corps, which funded Americans with particular academic knowledge or technical skills in developing countries where the knowledge or skills were needed * March 13, 1961 President Kennedy called for an Alliance for Progress in which US aid would raise health, education, and living standards in central and south America at the grassroots level * During April 17-20, 1961, about 1300 Cuban refugees landed at the Bay of Pigs, Cuba, to enter Cuba to set up a base of operations to overthrow Fidel Castro, but failed * The Cuban refugees had received military training under the auspices of the CIA since the Eisenhower Administration, they had been transported to the Bay of Pigs on US ships, and they had received US air cover * May 25, 1961 In a speech before Congress six weeks after the Soviets had placed a man in orbit, President Kennedy proposed sending a man to the mo on by the end of the century * July 17, 1962 A proposal for Medicare, which president Kennedy supported, was defeated in the senate * October 22-28, 1962 Seven day long â€Å"Cuban Missile Crisis† occurred. President Kennedy demanded the removal of Soviet missiles from Cuba and ordered the navy to interdict any shipment of Soviet missiles to Cuba * As soviet ship approached Cuba, Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev backed off at the last moment in exchange for assurances that the US would not attack Cuba and would remove its missiles from Turkey if the Soviets removed their missiles from Cuba * November 22,1963 President Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas, Texas * January 8, 1964 President Johnson proposed reducing federal spending and proposed a â€Å"war on poverty: in the State of the Union Address * President Johnson increased the number of US military advisor in South Vietnam from 16000 to 21000 * July 2, 1964 a civil rights act outlawed racial discrimination in (1) facilit ies open to the public, (2) unions, and (3) federal employment, and it authorized the US attorney general to sue on the behalf of victims of discrimination * January 4,1965 In the state of the Union address, president Johnson recommended government spending in the areas of education, health care, the arts, urban renewal, reduction of pollution, and elimination of poverty for what he called the â€Å"Great Society† * February 7, 1965 president ordered bombing inside north Vietnam after a Viet Cong attack on a base at Pleiku, which was about 200 miles south of North Vietnam * The bombing would continue for three years, till March 31, 1968 * March 15, 1965 President Johnson sent a proposal for a voting rights bill to congress Test 4 July 28, 1965 President Johnson announced that he was sending 50000 more military personnel to South Vietnam, bringing the total to 125000 * July 30, 1965 President Johnson signed the Medicare Act in Independence, Missouri, in the presence of former President Harry Truman, who had pushed for national health care * August 6, 1965 President Johnson sign voting rights act, which authorized the suspension of literacy tests and the placement of federal registrars at locations where less than 50% of eligible voters had registered * November 3, 1966 President Johnson signed the Clean water restoration act, which was directed toward lakes and rivers * President Johnson signed the Air Quality Act, which appropriated $428,300,000 over three year to decrease air pollution * March 31, 1968 President Johnson stopped an any bombing above the 21st parallel in North Vietnam, which included Hanoi, and announced that he would not run for re-election * April 11, 1968 president Johnson signed a civil rights act supporting open housing * October 31,1968 president Johnson announced that all bombing of North Vietnam would stop the next day, November 1, 1968 * June 8,1969 president Nixon began the withdrawal of 250000 US military personnel from South Vietnam, explaining it as a turn-over of the war to the South Vietnamese, which the press called â€Å"Vietnamization† * September 16,1969 President Nixon further implemented â€Å"Vietnamization† by the withdrawal of 35000 more US military personnel from South Vietnam * April – November the US and Soviet Union negotiated a Nuclear non-proliferation Treaty in the Strategic Arms Limitation talks, SALT * April 20, 1970 president Nixon continued â€Å"Vietnamization† by withdrawal of 150000 more US military personnel from South Vietnam * April 30 – June 9, 1970 US ground forces crossed into Cambodia from south VN to destroy enemy supply bases – after having conducted 3500 secret bombing attacks inside Cambodia since 1969 * November 12, 1971 President Nixon continued â€Å"Vietnamization† by withdrawing 45000 more US military personnel from south Vietnam * November, 1971 – January, 1973 President Nixon imposed guidelines for wages and for prices, which he had been authorized to do by an act, the Economic Stabilization Act, recently passed by Congress * January 13, 1972 President Nixon continued â€Å"Vietnamization† policy by withdrawing 70000 more US military personnel from south VN * In February, 1972, President Nixon visited Communist China * The trip resulted in a joint communique announcing that steps would be make do normalize relations between the US and Communist China, which would be six years away , and announcing US recognition of Taiwan as part of China * May 26, 1972 President Nixon and Soviet premier Leonid Brezhnev agreed in Moscow to work for â€Å"peaceful coexistence† and signed, the Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty, SALT, which was ratified by the US senate in August * June 17, 1972 five men employed by the Committee to re-elect the President broke into the offices of the Democratic national committee at the Watergate hotel in Washington, DC. August 12, 1972 President Nixon br ought his â€Å"Vietnamization† policy to a conclusion by withdrawing US ground combat forces remaining in South VN * In October, 1972, the house of Judiciary committee began nearly 2 years of impeachment proceedings against president Nixon * The impeachment proceedings were the result of senate and special prosecutor investigations into the Watergate break-in in June, 1972, which contradicted a denial by president Nixon that he had anything to do with an attempted cover – up of the break-in * January 27,1973 US, South VN, Viet Cong, and North Vietnamese representatives signed a cease-fire agreement in Paris, France * June 13, 1973 President Nixon re-imposed guidelines on retail prices because of inflation * August 9, 1974 Facing the possibility of impeachment as a result of the Congressional investigations into Watergate, President Nixon resigned * July 15,1976 The democratic national convention met in New york city and nominated a Washington outsider, former engineer , naval, officer, farmer, and governor of Georgia, James E. Carter, for president * February 24, 1977 President Carter announced curtailment of foreign aid to governments violating human rights * August 4,1977 the department of energy was created On September 7, 1977, president Carter signed a treaty to turn the panama canal zone over to panama in October, 1979, and to turn the canal itself to panama in 1999, and the US senate would ratify treaty in march 1978 * September, 1978 Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin, President Carter, and Egyptian president Anwar Sadat met at Camp David, Maryland, to negotiate a way to end the state of war that had continued between Egypt and Israel since Israel’s beginning in 1948 * On February – April, 1979, President Carter placed priced controls on oil in the US following a US embargo on Iranian oil and a 50% OPEC price hike * The embargo on oil from Iran had been imposed after Shah Pahlavi was overthrown in January by Shia Muslims under the leadership of an imam named Rubollah Khomeini * September 27, 1979 Congress approved President Carter’s request for the creation of a separate department of education * November 4,1979 students took 66 US citizens in the US embassy in Tehran, Iran, hostage, in protest of the US’s allowing Shah Pahlavi to come to the US for medical treatment * April 25, 1980, US military landed overnight near Tehran, Iran to rescue the US hostages but mishaps with the aircraft scuttled the operation * July 16, 1980 The Republican National convention met in Detroit, Michigan, and nominated former announcer and actor Ronald Reagan for president * Ronald Reagan ran on a platform calling for cuts in government spending, for strengthening national defense, and for holding the line on taxes * November 4, 1980 Ronald Reagan defeated Carter’s bid for re-election with an electoral vote of 489 to 49 and a popular vote of 43,899,248 to 36,481,435 * President Reagan’s policy of reducing taxes for business and people with high incomes in anticipation that economic growth would more than make up the difference was called â€Å"supply-side economics,† â€Å"trickle-down economics,† and â€Å"Reaganomics† * July 16-19, 1984 The democratic national convention met in san Francisco, California, and nominated former Vice-president Walter Mondale for president and New York congresswoman Geraldine Ferraro for Vice-President, the first woman to be nominated for the vice-presidency * Between November 3-6, 1986 the New York times and Washington post ran reports that representatives of Ronald Reagan, before he took office, had covertly agreed to the shipment of pare parts and ammunition from the US to Iran in exchange for the release of the hostages on January 20,1981, the day Reagan would take office * November 25, 1986, reports circulated that money received from the sale of arms to Iran had been funneled to the contras in Nicaragua during the period congress had only approved humanitarian aid * July 7-24, 1987 Congressional hearings were held on the reported exchange of arms for the hostages in Iran and diversion of profits to the Contras in Nicaragua, what became known as the Iran-Contra Affair * Secretary of State George Shultz and other administration officials were reluctant to identify the higher-up who had oversight of the exchange and diversion * On June 3,1989, from 300 to 400 pro-democracy demonstrators were at Tiananmen Square in Beijing as the Communist leaders of the people’s republic of China began a Military crackdown in which thousands may have perished * In June 26 1990, in what appeared to many contradict a statement at the 1988 Republican national convention, â€Å"read my lips. No new taxes,† President Bush stated that â€Å"tax revenue increases† would be needed to reduce the deficit. * On August 2,1990 President Bush denounced an invasion and annexation of Kuwait by Iraq as â€Å"naked aggression† and warned the military dictator of Iraq, Saddam Hussein, that the aggression â€Å"will not stand† * September 11, 1990 President Bush stated to joint session of Congress that administration’s policy to oppose control of southwest Asian oil resources by Saddam Hussein, whom he viewed as a brutal, unpredictable dictator. * On January 12, 1991. Congress authorized President Bush to use ground to liberate Kuwait * On January 17,1991, after the expiration of an U. N deadline for Iraqi forces to evacuate Kuwait, US and a coalition of air forces began six weeks of attacks, called Operation desert Storm, targeting communications, nuclear and chemical weapons facilities, artillery, tanks, and troop positions in Iraq * August 15, 1991 four year after the beginning of the congressional hearings into the Iran-contra Affair, President Bush signed a bill requiring Presidents to report all covert action to congress and to authorized all covert actions in advance with a written presidential finding * February 21,1992 a little over two year after Tiananmen Square, the Bush administration lifted US trade sanctions against the People’s Republic of China * May 19, 1992 the 27th amendment was ratified, preventing a Congress form making salary increases for its members before the next Congressional election. July 16, 1992 the democratic national convention met in New York City nominated Governor Bill Clinton of Arkansas for president * Governor Bill Cli nton of Arkansas campaigned as a â€Å"new democrat† and criticized supply-side economics, saying it had produced the highest federal deficit ever. * Governor Clinton placed emphasis on the global economy and promotion of democracy abroad, and he supported air strikes in Bosnia and human rights in China * November 3, 1992 Democratic presidential candidate Bill Clinton won the election, receiving 44909889 popular votes, which gave him an electoral vote of 370, to president Bush’s 36481435 popular votes and 168 electoral votes and Ross Perot’s 5719437 popular votes.

A Psychological Representation of Her Fear of Childbirth

Frankincense, a novel first published in the year 1818, stands as the most talked about work of Mary Shelley literary career. She was just nineteen years old when she penned this novel, and throughout her lifetime she could not produce any other work that surpasses this novel in terms of creativity and vision. In this novel, Shelley found an outlet for her own intense sense of factorization, and her desperate struggle for love. Traumatized by her failed childbirth incidents, troubled childhood, and scandalous courtship, many of Shelley life experiences can be seen reflected In the novel.When discussing the character and development of the monster, Shelley launches an extensive discussion on the need for a proper environment and education for a child's moral development. When we explore the novel in depth, we can see that it exudes the true horror of childbirth felt by Shelley, and articulates the fears and anxieties she had regarding her reproductive and nurturing capabilities. Shel ley life was marked by a series of pregnancies, miscarriages, childbirths, and deaths.Her firsthand experience of a bereavement started early In her life, when her mother died when she was eleven days old, because of a puerperal fever contacted cause of childbirth. This marked her first encounter with pregnancy and related complications, but unfortunately, it was not the last one. When she grew up, she had a scandalous affair with the married poet Percy Shelley, and their first child was born prematurely and did not survive. In total, she had four childbirths and life- threatening miscarriage, before the age of twenty-five.Only one of those children, Percy Florence Shelley, survived and outlived her. A pregnant Harriet Shelley, the first wife of her husband Percy, drowned herself due to the affair between Mary and Percy (Battlement, 2006, p. 25). So we see that, the author of this novel has had undeniably horrific experiences and tragedies associated with childbirth and pregnancy. T hus, by the time this story took form in Shelley mind, she had already lost a child and her mother due to pregnancy complications. She had a six month old baby during that time, and SIX months later she was conceived with her third baby.Hence, creation, nurturing, and loss of a new life, was prominent among her thoughts when she penned this novel. Frankincense is undoubtedly the first literary work to talk about the pregnancy anxieties. While searching for the underlying theme in this novel, it is also important to understand why the theme was concealed. In that era, writing about such subjects was taboo, and in a field dominated by male authors, pregnancy and the related subjects had hardly found mention In the mainstream literary works. Before creating the monster, Victor has many doubts about his ability to create a life form. But my imagination was too much exalted by my first success to as man† (Shelley, 1818). Overcoming his doubts, he started working on creating a human life for ‘nine' long months, Just like a woman carrying a life in her womb, and eve birth to his creation on a dreary November night. Victor by creating a baby without a mother feminizes himself, and this shows that the real subject of the novel is about the anxieties associated with the childbirth (Hoverer, 2000, p. 12) The irony found in the novel is that, Victor is frightened of his creative potential through his own creation (Sherwin, 1981, p. 900).He created a living being and immediately recognized the blunder he had done. During the creation process of the creature, Victor did not take the time to work out the details of its gigantic proportion and what might be the consequences. Neither does he think whether the life produced by him would like to live a life captured in a monstrous body. His lack of patience and vision cost the creature a normal life. He takes one look at the creature and decides to desert him. â€Å"How can I describe my emotions at this catastrophe , or how delineate the wretch whom with such infinite pains and care I had endeavourer to form? The creature has to endure miseries and hardships galore because he was abandoned by his creator. The life of the monster can be related to the motherless life led by Shelley. Shelley mother too left her as soon as she was born, and as a result, she ad quite an arduous life. Combined with her father's financial woes, her tumultuous relationship with her stepmother meant that Shelley did not have an ideal childhood, which would have had a serious impact on her personality. She had to put up with a lot of miseries when she grew up, and was subjected to lifelong condemnation from the society because of her affair with the married Shelley.In a similar way, Victor's monster was subjected to hate and ridicule from the society around him because he did not get the nurturing he deserved. He did not get education and was left to take care of himself. Wherever he went people were scared by him, and he is confused about his existence. When troubles invaded his life, he had no one to guide him and in the process of self-education he made some wrong decisions that proved fatal, both for him and the others. He yearned for counsel and a family to belong to.Since he did not get this from his creator, he tried to substitute him with the family of the De Lackeys in the forest. Mary Shelley firstborn daughter represents monstrosity in two different ways – the monstrosity of an untimely death and monstrosity of being an illegitimate child, which was quite scandalous during that era. The author's grief is reflected in the lamentation of Victor over his mother's death. The two birth-related deaths in her life, made Shelley yearn for elemental procreative power, Just like Victor Frankincense in the story (Lehman, 1992, up. 9-50) â€Å"These are the reflections of the first days; but when the lapse of time proves the reality of the evil, then the actual bitterness of grief commence s. † (Shelley, 1818). Victor' grieving over his mother's death and his urge to produce a new life to compensate the loss suffered by him, in many ways relate to he tragedy of Shelley, who had lost a mother and daughter. Giving birth to a monster (psychological) is an unconscious fear many women carry when they are pregnant, according to Dry. Almond.Almond believes that Shelley was concerned that any child she produced might carry some of the repressed, destructive characters she herself possessed. Like the doubts Shelley had about her nature of the child she might bear. The dream, which gave Shelley the idea to write this novel, further throws light on the fears she had in her mind about the sort of child she will give birth to (Tomato, 2009, p. 22). In the novel Victor hates his creation from the moment he sets his eye on it, and even wishes that he could destroy it. L gnashed my teeth, my eyes became inflamed, and I ardently wished to extinguish that life which I has so thou ghtlessly bestowed† (Shelley, 1818). Thus, the creature starts his life Journey not Just devoid of parental affection, but also as a bearer of the wrath of the parent. The novel is more concerned with the Journey and development of the creature than that of the emotional turmoil of Victor. This stresses the fact that the heart of the novel is the light of the children growing under lack of nurture, and what they might turn out to be once they grow in such an environment.Shelley relationship with her husband was also perceived to be strained during the time the novel was conceived. The loss of their infant daughter, while it caused Mary immense grief, it did not perturb Percy as much. He did not share the grief with her, nor did he do much to console her. He was disappointed with the gender of the child, and once the child succumbed to illness, he moved on with his life without helping his wife to cope with the grief (Battlement, 2006, p. 24). This incident too could be beneath the characterization of the creature, which did not get its required attention and affection from its father figure, Victor.The resentment of the monster when Victor abhors him elucidates Shelley sentiments towards Perry's rejection of her child. â€Å"Oh, Frankincense, be not equitable to every other, and trample upon me alone, to whom thy Justice, and even thy clemency and affection, is most due. Remember, that I am thy creature; I ought to be thy Adam† (Shelley, 1818). The creature's attempt to self-educate itself is Shelley way of showing that succumbing o the ruse of humanities is the road to humanitarian for the monster. The monster created by manmade science becomes a challenge to humanities and the laws that govern it.Though he has the feelings off human he is shunned by the world based on his appearance. Thus, the novel challenges the anthropological foundations of humanities and asserts that nature and not nurture form the personality and character of a person. Ref erences Battlement, A. F. (2006). Why did Mary Shelley Write Frankincense? Journal of Religion and Health, Volvo. 45, No. 3, 419-439. Tomato, B. (2009). Mary Shelley Frankincense: an orphaned author's dream and Journey toward integration.. Modern Psychoanalysis. Volvo. 34 Issue 1, 117-135.

“Ethnic Notions” Analysis Essay

â€Å"Ethnic Notions† is a historical film that takes the viewer through the entire course of American history from the 1820s to the 1980s. The songs, watching the films and seeing all the artifacts is what makes this film such a powerful tool. The film describes some of the terms that were used to depict black Americans. Well into the twentieth century the â€Å"Mammy†, the â€Å"Coon†, and the â€Å"†Sambo†Ã¢â‚¬  were all terms used in reference to black Americans. In 1941 the cartoon was made and made its way into many of the homes of American culture. In the early 1900s the image of the â€Å"Sambo† spread and it became a portrayal of black men in film. The Character is lazy and irresponsible that will easily avoid work to take part in food and dance. As the civil war approached, a new character accompanied the â€Å"Sambo†, the â€Å"Zip Coon†. This character tried to portray whites that mocked the notion of racial equality. With these two together, they both defended slavery by saying that blacks can’t handle freedom. In films the role of the â€Å"†Mammy†Ã¢â‚¬  was a servant that was stereotypically a very dark and heavy woman that had her priorities set to doing whatever her master or mistress wished. â€Å"Mammy† was shown as a loyal person that was protective over the white household. She was a powerful person which became a stable figure in each image of the south. It became hard to go without seeing this character in a southern home. This character was also a defender of slavery. But within her own family the â€Å"Mammy† is the controlling force which is the direct opposite of the way the household is viewed in society. She is shown as being asexual and unattractive. Once the slaves became emancipated many white people said that the former slaves couldn’t handle being without constant subordination to their white masters. Society called the emancipated blacks brutes, and the increasing public fear of them gave them the nickname of â€Å"black menace.† Once motion picture was developed in the 20th century the images and the depiction of black Americans didn’t change at all. The only difference now is the hate is now on film. Blacks began to enter theater and they used it as a step in the right direction to get out of the south and start a new life with  opportunities. Through the 1940s the blackface became discarded but its image left its mark on society. Soon cartoons became the voice for racism. This way when any violence or mistreatment were occurring it would be entertaining and humorous. The cartoons had the power to influence young minds to see stereotypes as being entertaining by making references to black Americans being savages. Furthermore the only thing that domesticated black Americans was slavery. The myth says without the whites control over the blacks, their entire race would wind up being nothing more than savages. â€Å"Ethnic Notions† is an in depth look at the roots of African American racism and stereotypes. The movie goes through 150 years of racism and hatred towards black Americans, and the images that were spread throughout society that depicted African Americans to being lazy and careless. Also without slavery to keep them in check, myths say that they would resort to savage behavior.

Fundraising Presentation

Fundraising Presentation, Gyumri April 15 –April 16, 2013 I. The Basics of Fundraising a. What is fundraising? i. Raising money for a cause or project ii. Includes building a prospect pool, asking for money or in-kind donations, meeting donor expectations, clearly defining needs and resources, thanking the donors (stewardship), events, public relations, and monitoring and evaluation iii. Most important aspect: relationships, which can take time to develop b. Why is funding diversity important? iv. Chair example: If a chair only has one leg, it is unstable and will fall over.The more legs a chair has, the more stable it becomes. Same for an organization, if an organization has a sole funder, their success is determinant upon the stability of that relationship and continued funding. The more funders an organization has, the more stable they are. If one funder pulls their support, the organization does not collapse. c. Think about your organization for which you are fundraising ( hand out index cards for everyone to write their answers) v. What is their mission? vi. What is their vision? vii. Why do they exist? viii. What would happen if this organization didn’t exist? x. Why are you here? x. Can everyone from your organization, your community, your beneficiaries, your donors, etc clearly define the mission of the organization and is it basically the same? xi. Is the financial support you have received in the past and are looking to secure in the future in line with your mission? xii. Look at yourselves as a public benefit organization d. Presentation of the Organization xiii. Are you all working towards the same mission? xiv. â€Å"Elevator Pitch† 1. Clear and concise description of your organization, its work, and its value 2.Thirty seconds to two minutes (one of the most important interactions with your donor) 3. All staff, volunteers, and those associated with your organization should have a pitch 4. Give Peace Corps example 5. Homework for second day xv. Needs of the NGO 6. Needs include money, resources, materials, trainings, etc. 7. Can you tell me today what your specific needs are and how much those needs would cost? (Financial/ Resources Needs Assessment) xvi. Public Relations 8. Website, Newsletters, Email Updates, Facebook page 9.All of your social media and newsletters should be consistent with each other, updated at the same time with comparable information 10. We’ll go into more details about Public relations shortly e. Donor Expectations xvii. If you were to give money to an organization, what would you want in return? 11. Elevator Pitch 12. Clearly defined mission and vision 13. Reasons why they should invest in your NGO/project 14. Projects, ideas, and plans for which you need financial support 15. Overview of successful projects you have done in the past 16.Reports 17. Good reputation in the community and with beneficiaries 18. Communication, Honesty, Transparency 19. Commitment and cohesiveness of the staff 20. What exactly you are going to do with their money f. Donor Relations and Stewardship xviii. Updates to donor xix. How are you thanking them? xx. How are you recognizing their donation? xxi. Will they give again? xxii. Will go into more details about this shortly II. Identifying and Working with Donors g. Donor Prospect Pool xxiii. Who might want to give to this organization? brainstorm a list) 21. Parishioners of the church 22. World Vision, Caritas, other NGO’s in the community with resources to give 23. Family and friends 24. Local community members (why is what you’re doing important to them? , Who will feel moved by the work you are doing? ) 25. Diaspora 26. Corporations – VivaCell, Orange Foundation, Coca Cola 27. Realities of fundraising in Armenia a. Grants- majority are international b. Corporate Giving/ Corporate Social Responsibility- new concept here in Armenia c.Government funding- In 2011, the state provided NGO’s with $8 mil lion, mostly to sports federations and state-funded or state-operated organizations on a noncompetitive basis d. Individual donations e. Community Support f. Diaspora g. Funding Diversity h. Projects being donor driven not mission driven i. Overhead costs xxiv. Who do you know? xxv. Relationships are the key to building your prospect pool xxvi. Invite potential prospects to visit your organization, build the relationship before you ask them for something h. What makes a person or organization donate? xvii. If you meet with an organization, how do you expect them to present themselves to you? 28. Clear, concise, honest overview 29. Well thought out, able to easily identify the mission, vision, and beneficiaries to be served 30. Overview of successful projects, current projects, and future plans 31. Overview of specific needs of the NGO xxviii. Do you believe in the mission and vision? 32. A donor has to believe in the mission or vision, or you have to help them believe, give them rea sons to care. xxix. How do they have to use your money and what do you want in return from them? 33.Communication, honesty, transparent used exactly as they say it will be used for effective projects xxx. What will make you give again? 34. communication, success, beneficiary satisfaction, reporting, relationship with the organization, recognition of the organization, name in the community/associated with the project xxxi. What kind of relationship do you expect from the NGO? 35. strong leadership, honesty, communication, want to feel proud of the work they are doing and the reputation they have in the community, understanding of strategic goals, I want to see the organization has taken the time to define themselves III.Fundraising Plan i. Should be written on an annual basis j. Who is going to write the plan? xxxii. Should have a lead who collaborates with your Director, key stakeholders, and the board k. Start with your fundraising goal (how much money do you need? ) xxxiii. This f undraising goal amount should be based on the needs of the organization xxxiv. How much money needs to be raised/ resources secured in order to carry out the activities which your organization wants to carry out over the next year? l. The mission/ message (Why do you need the money? xxxv. What do you plan to do with the money you raise? xxxvi. Line by line- what are you using your budget for? m. The Tactics (How are you going to raise this money? ) xxxvii. Figure out how you are going to raise different amounts of money over the course of the next year and where that money is going to go. xxxviii. Identify different tactics 36. Individual Giving 37. Major Donor Groups- talking with larger corporations 38. Events 39. Online giving 40. Participatory Fundraising 41. Grants 42. Corporate Giving Programs n. The Timeline xxix. Create the timeline to include dates for all events and fundraising goals throughout the year IV. Donor Relations and Stewardship (managing the gift, thanking and k eeping the donor engaged) o. The comprehensive effort of any nonprofit that seeks philanthropic support to ensure that donors experience high-quality interactions with the organization that foster long-term engagement and investment. This effort is commonly thought to have four elements. xl. Gift acceptance and management 43. Your organizations policies and procedures for gifts. 44.Discussion about how the gift is going to be used, making sure the donors requests and the organizations needs are in line. 45. Procedures to track how the gift is being used. 46. Structures for Giving Opportunities (Example: donor recognition pieces/plaques, named spaces, or giving societies) xli. Acknowledgement 47. Thanking the donor j. Personalized letters, E-mails, phone calls, visits- should happen within the first week in which the gift is received xlii. Donor Recognition 48. How do your donors wanted to be recognized for their giving? 49.Mention in the newsletter, announcement at events, naming a space, donor plaques, press release, 50. This is the public forum for thanking a donor for their gift but need to ask for donor permission to do so. 51. For Participatory Fundraising- announcing and rewarding the top fundraisers publicly 52. Honor Rolls- announcement of donors to the organization printed publicly and thanking the donors through this forum. 53. Donor Walls/Donor Plaques- having a space in the center where donor names are listed for the public and your beneficiaries to see 54.Donor Recognition Events, awards, mementos, and volunteer opportunities-these not only are fun for the donors, but also help to strengthen your relationship with your donors and also show them that they are important to you. Can be big events with all of your donors or intimate lunches with the Director and/or some of your beneficiaries. xliii. Reporting (also referred to as stewardship) 55. Telling the donor the impact they are making on the mission of your organization or the specific projects they have given to. Why their giving has made a difference. 56.Two different ways of reporting: qualitative (storytelling confirming the usage of funds) and quantitative (shows the carrying out of spending funds properly) V. Public Relations (or PR) p. Everything your organization does to get public/press coverage of what your work q. Why is it important? xliv. Gets the word out and communicates your message xlv. Builds your audience xlvi. Builds your credibility and reputation within your community, with your beneficiaries, and your donors, thus helping to foster stronger relationships xlvii.Shows the results and successes of your work xlviii. Good time to use your elevator pitch r. Examples of PR xlix. Printed materials 57. Newsletters 58. Press Releases (work with your local media) 59. Brochures 60. Announcements about projects including donor/supporters names 61. Can be a two way street with your supporters (donors and volunteers) l. Television 62. Use for advertising about prog rams/projects or upcoming events 63. Can also be used for purposes of interviewing about your organization li. Online 64. Website 65. Facebook 66.Email blasts 67. Online newsletters/news stories lii. Special Events 68. Lectures or talks with experts, beneficiaries or having one of your donors to come in and speak 69. Volunteer Day s. Why is PR important for fundraising? liii. Can increase the money and resources coming in liv. New prospects find you 70. People learn about your work 71. If really good coverage- prospects come to you to learn more, volunteer, and possibly even invest in your work lv. Raising General Awareness 72. Remember to refer to yourself as a public benefit organization 73.Raising awareness in your immediate community about the work which is being done around them and the need to help accomplish those goals 74. Helps people remember your name and your mission lvi. â€Å"Social Proof† 75. Again building on your credibility- coverage shows that what you are doing is important and a leader in your community 76. Can also bring your public relations materials during donor meetings to further engage donors. VI. Let’s create a campaign! t. Make a plan lvii. What are we raising money for? lviii. Why are we raising money for this? lix. How much money do we need? lx.When do we need the money? 77. How are we going to raise the money? lxi. Who is going to be on the committee? lxii. What kind of advertising are we going to do for the campaign? lxiii. What kind of materials/resources do we need for the campaign? lxiv. How are we going to engage and thank our donors? u. What are we raising money for? lxv. Pick one project/event you would like to do with your organization 78. Birthday parties for kids with disabilities 79. Gifts/events for the chronically ill v. How much money do we need? lxvi. Create an overall budget which not only includes money but also resources lxvii.Can also create a useful tool to provide for your donors 80. Show them what their money will do: If you donate XX, we can include 5 more adults in our trainings for example. w. When do we need the money? 81. Create a timeline of not only the deadline, but all things which need to be done between now and the deadline as well as who is going to do those things x. How are we going to raise the money? lxviii. Participatory Fundraising (Get the crowd involved in your campaign, have to be very careful with planning to make sure the investment you make in these events is worth the return) 82.Athons- Walk-a-thons, Dance-a-thons, Read-a-thons k. a type of community or school fundraiser in which participants raise money by collecting donations or pledges for walking a predetermined distance or course, dancing for a predetermined amount of time, or read a certain amount of books within a predetermined time frame. 83. Spare Change boxes in the church 84. Raffles l. Sell raffle tickets for a particular item or a 50/50 raffle 85. Auctions m. People bid on certain i tems which have been donated for the cause. 86.Game competitions or carnival (Lemon ball) Each guest pays 1,000 dram for a lemon and closest lemon the bottle wins it. 87. Futbol tournament n. Have each team pay a certain amount to be a part of the tournament which will be donated to the organization. lxix. Individual Donors 88. Create a list of people/companies/organizations which may be interested in giving to this campaign lxx. Online Giving 89. Firstgiving. com y. Who is going to be involved in the committee? lxxi. Who needs to be included in all of the decisions made? Who is going to be in charge of which part of the campaign? . What kind of advertising are we going to do for the campaign? lxxii. Objective and Goals of the campaign lxxiii. Choose a campaign title 90. Race for the Cure (Run Breast Cancer out of Town) 91. Relay for Life (American Cancer Society) lxxiv. Create an â€Å"About the campaign† lxxv. How are we engaging the press? lxxvi. How are we updating our ow n online/print presence? {. What materials/ resources are we going to need? lxxvii. For example: how many people/volunteers are needed and for what amount of time lxxviii. Do you need prizes/awards xxix. Do you need space to put on the event lxxx. Need to think about things that may happen (for example, if it rains during the futbol tournament, what other arrangements need to be made? ) |. How are we going to engage and thank our donors? lxxxi. If participatory fundraising: need prizes/ awards for top fundraisers, guidelines, and thank yous lxxxii. Thank you letters, personalized, emails, phone calls, meetings lxxxiii. Online giving- should have thank you letters sent and update after the project is successful Fundraising P